Scientific Management free essay sample

Logical Management is a framework that was started from Fredrick W. Taylor (1911), which composite examination of worker’s singular work process and their work efficiency. The primary reason for this hypothesis is to amplify proficiency inside associations to accelerate the procedure of work in the base measure of time and cost acquired by the association (Ross 2010). Taylor accepted that the most productive way that work should be possible was just when laborers comprehended what they were doing and not only buckling down. Logical Management centers around four fundamental standards. Initially, various pieces of the undertaking are read logically for a most ideal strategy to accomplish and perform it. Also, laborers are experimentally chosen and prepared to play out the assigned undertaking at their best prepared capacity. Thirdly, laborers and supervisors will team up to guarantee the outcomes anticipated. Ultimately, arranging and division of work will be partitioned by administrators to laborers individually. There are numerous instances of Scientific Management in the cutting edge society, of which some incorporates, vehicle, innovation and PC producing plants, medical clinics and a portion of the eatery (Dharmasiri 2013). We will compose a custom paper test on Logical Management or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Foxconn is one of the many assembling organizations that utilization Scientific Management in the twenty-first century. In a meeting with CNN (2012), a laborer stated, â€Å"women work like men and work like machines †¦ It’s so exhausting, I can’t bear it any longer. Regular resembled: I get off from work. It turned into my day by day schedule and I nearly felt like I was an animal.† At the point when work turns into a daily schedule for laborers in a dreary domain, estrangement happens. From the hypothesis of Durkheim (1893), distance was delivering anomie, which could prompt wrongdoing and even self destruction. This shows obviously on account of Foxconn’s sequential self destruction cases, that laborers don't feel a feeling of having a place with the organization by the intermittent horrible work cycle. They were additionally not permitted to voice their feelings and every one of that was required was to complete their assigned undertaking. This expands traitorousness and diminishes employee’s assurance, which could by implication influence the efficiency of the organization. As per the Hawthorne Studies by Elton Mayo, heâ believes that laborers ought to be given the rights to shout out their psyche and misery. Regardless of whether there were no answers for it, workers would as of now feel better as they feel regarded and rewarded like piece of the association. The laborers were working in a packed domain and had compensations that were not comparably reasonable for their working hours and the over the top measure of work given (Hays 2008a). At the point when representatives need to work extended periods of time, not having enough rest it will prompt despondency among them. Be that as it may, the self evident truth is that tremendous organizations like Apple work with Foxconn as a result of their capacity to deliver a large number of devices (Hays 2008b). This generally results from the Scientific Management style, where higher effectiveness from the laborers gives a higher income contribution to the organization. This hypothesis essentially centers around singular laborers whom are experimentally prepared for a specific undertaking (as found in the second rule of Scientific Management) so they will be better at it. Be that as it may, when specialization happens, there is a higher propensity of a de-talented workforce. As expressed by scholar, Braverman (1974), when workers just learn obligations and aptitudes inside their activity scope, they will in general lose their degree of relational abilities and information as they are limited uniquely to their zone of dominance. This would limit a person’s inventiveness and assimilation of information. It would make it difficult for them to change to another industry in light of their restrictions. It likewise stays a reality that numerous occupations (1.2million) were made for the individuals, making higher businesses. Individuals needed to work for Foxconn at first as a result of the motivations they advertised. Author Terry Gou, accepted that motivating forces, for example, very much improved residences for the representatives and a city which has numerous offices (Johnson 2011) would pull in individuals to work for them. Fredrick Taylor had a comparable methodology called the ‘initiative and incentive’ framework. He accepts that lone when representatives get impetuses, will they step up in their work and put their earnest attempts in. (Freedman 1992) In Foxconn case, there have been a rising number of despondent workers. Inâ interviews with The New York Times, most recruit in Foxconn last averagely a couple of months before they quit despondent and discouraged. There have been ten of thousands who have just left the organization (Barboza 2010). This shows even the impetuses given to them were not supported contrasted with the measure of outstanding task at hand, unremarkable and brutal workplace. Taylor accepted that cash was the primary purpose behind the employee’s inspiration and difficult work. His hypothesis of â€Å"a reasonable day’s pay for a reasonable day’s work† was upheld by the higher measure of pay rates that was given to representatives who accomplished more outcomes for the duration of the day when contrasted with the individuals who did lesser (Mindtools). As indicated by the Hawthorne Studies by Elton Mayo, it is seen that there must be social propelling elements and not simply financial impetuses. Some of which incorporates, relational relations among workers and directors. Elton Mayo accepts that it is significant for associates to feel like companions for a superior workplace. Be that as it may, Scientific Management shows the absence of empathy for the representatives, as there shouldn't be correspondence between them. Every one of that was required was to complete the assignment given. Sponsorship up with Mary Follett (1938) hypothesis, she accepts that directors should work with bosses instead of controlling them. In the 21st century, we are moving towards a postindustrial society where individuals are commonly increasingly instructed. Logical Management would not be plausible in this age as individuals have more information and they would not feel persuaded to simply take directions indiscriminately. At the point when associations disregard laborers fiscal, sincerely and genuinely needs, all in return for accomplished end amount results, there will be a negative effect over the long haul. In Foxconn case, despite the fact that efficiency is high, it is straightforwardly inproportionate to the glad workers. Logical Management shows that businesses care progressively about efficiency when contrasted with the bliss of workers. This would dishearten laborers as they would feel undervalued and they see no reason in their stay in the organization. At the point when this occurs, it debilitates representatives and they would lose center and inspiration to buckle down for the organization. This is unmistakably indicated valid by the quantity of laborers who surrendered in Foxconn. There are upsides and downsides to Scientific Management; along these lines it would beâ biased to ruin it completely. In a present reality, transformational the executives would be the perfect style of the board for associations. The people group is moving at a quick pace towards a post-modern culture in the 21st century. The most significant thing for any organization to do well over the long haul is for workers to be in a domain that they feel upbeat in. At the point when they feel glad, there will be higher inspiration for them to need to put forth a valiant effort, which expands their unwaveringness to the organization. It is significant for organizations to have high effectiveness and efficiency, anyway not to the detriment of worker’s satisfaction, wellbeing or security. Associations ought to consistently practice social duty, just when they do so will they get the regard and results anticipated from their representatives. Be that as it may, because of the idea of the activity, it requires quick yields in the most brief time conceivable. Laborers were then rewarded like machines, with low work cost. The majority of the huge associations consolidate Scientific Management in their style of work, as it appears the most proficient approach to build profitability in the quickest conceivable manner. It is seen that Taylor’s Scientific Management speculations, which have created longer than a century, is as yet pertinent and found inside the cutting edge working environments. Logical Management free article test The examination continued through five stages: (1) The initial Illumination studiesâ (1924[-]27) were planned for assessing the impact of lighting conditions on profitability; (2)â the Relay-get together Room studies (August 1928[-]March 1929) surveyed the impacts of pay impetuses, rest periods, and dynamic occupation contribution on the efficiency of five chose lady laborers; (3)â the Mica-Splitting Test group (October 1928[-]September 1930) in which a gathering of piece-laborers were utilized to validate the overall significance of work-bunch elements versus ay impetuses; (4)â the Bank Wiring Observation group (November 1931[-]May 1932) a secret observational structure wherein the elements of control in a work-gathering of 14 male representatives on the standard manufacturing plant floor were watched; and (5)â the plantwide Interviewing program (September 1928[-]early 1931) basically an endeavor by the organization to order concerns, alleviate complaints, and control worker confidence as indicated by the standards of social control learned in the past stages). The last two stages were hindered by the unfavorable impacts of the Great Depression on organization creation orders, however the meeting stage was later reestablished as a Personnel Counseling program, and was even extended all through the Western Electric organization framework between 1936[-]1955. We will compose a custom paper test on Logical Management or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Hawthorne impact, characterized as the propensity under conditions

rolemodel :: essays research papers

Damages 1: 18,000 Africans wrongfully held in correctional facilities and jail camps According to the United Nations based Organization for Human Rights, in any event 18,000 Africans are presently being illicitly held in prisons and jail camps. The detainees are held without charge and denied access to legal counselors, loved ones for quite a long time. April 22, 2004 2: UN camps hold brutal guilty parties Order of Malino Accord Violations in Poso - 2003 (28/11/2003) #6965 Since the time the Malino Accord in December 2001 there have been rehashed provocative infringement of the understanding. In January and February 2002 there were some encouraging signs that maybe the Malino Accord could create an enduring harmony. A great many weapons, principally hand-made, were turned in by both the Muslim and Christian people group and annihilated by the police. There were, be that as it may, genuine worries from the Christian people group because of the nonattendance of the natural or military issue weapons being delivered by the Laskar Jihad. Such weapons had been routinely observed being hauled around the boulevards of Poso, during assaults on towns and even shot at Jihad examination posts on the primary thruway during November 2001. 3: Shooting, besieging uplift pressures in Africa’s Poso region A besieging and shooting have uplifted pressures in Indonesia's strictly separated Poso region during the Eid al-Fitr Islamic occasion. Be that as it may, police say nobody was harmed. Specialists state a bomb detonated in a field in the Gebang Rejo local location of Poso town on Tuesday yet no harm was caused. Another gadget discovered close by was defused by a police bomb squad.Meanwhile, a volley of shots was discharged in the town's Lawanga region. Poso police boss, Abdi Darma, purportedly said the assaults were just intended to spread dread among individuals 4: Rape Used to Intimidate Assault is across the board and submitted without risk of punishment; in most Refugee camps by what in America we call the pack coop. The way of life of exemption adds to a climate in which assault is admissible. RI archived 43 assaults among ladies from the Karen, Karenni, Mon, Tavoyan and Shan ethnic gatherings. Somewhere in the range of 75 percent of ladies met announced knowing somebody who had been assaulted. The gathering discharged a report a year ago archiving 625 sex assaults on ladies and young ladies. The report contains realistic charges. Declaration from one lady asserting that she saw the assaulting of a lady While she brought water the lady's significant other had to look as the Refuge head (Zu Zawany) assaulted and slaughtered his better half, before turning their weapons on him

Web Search Essay Example

Web Search Essay Web Search Report Worksheet Name: Gary Pratt Search Engine: Google Section #1: Features of the Search Engine Identify which highlights can be found in your web index. Your web crawler may have one or various highlights. Does it: _Yes__ Search the web? _No__ Search other web indexes? _No__ Act as a catalog (arrangements of classifications to choose from)? Does it: _Yes__ Have a propelled search choice? _Yes__ Have â€Å"Help† choices? _Yes__ Use Boolean Logic (and, or, not)? _No__ Use Truncation/Wild Card Characters or Special Characters (*, ? ~) _Yes__ Translate pages? _Yes__ Allow field constraining hunts (would you be able to scan for filetypes, site, intitle)* _Yes__ Allow you to do a pursuit inside a finished inquiry (find comparative pages, offer terms to limit your pursuit)? __Yes_ Recognize brackets or quotes to look for phrases? __Yes_ Allow you to change the manner in which the page is shown (number profits for the page, favored language)? __Yes_ List the quantity of pages in the database? __Yes_ Explain how the outcomes are positioned? If it's not too much trouble list other Noteworthy Features: Google additionally offers a protected pursuit channel with the goal that explicitly express substance won't show up in your indexed lists. It additionally permits you to open the query items in another window. You additionally have the alternative of having the inquiry recommendations in the hunt box. Segment #2: Overall Evaluation (Create a bulleted list for each question) After exploring the key highlights of your web index, answer the accompanying inquiries: What are the qualities of your internet searcher? Google is an extremely powerful internet searcher that is exceptionally flexible to address everyone’s issues. You can look by site, picture, map or other record type. It gives you a huge number of results and positions those outcomes as per significance and page rank. PageRank is a trademark of Google yet the patent is doled out to Sanford University not to Google. PageRank will show the most visited destinations at the highest priority on the rundown. What are the shortcomings of your internet searcher? The shortcoming of Google is that it is simple for certain individuals to control the consequences of the PageRank and give wrong outcomes. We will compose a custom article test on Web Search explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Web Search explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Web Search explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer As I would like to think, Google returns such a large number of results and that makes it hard at times to discover the data you are really searching for. What might you change about your internet searcher? I would have Google return less outcomes in the pursuit. They have to make it increasingly natural and return only the outcomes that you need. At the point when I look for a thing for buying, I need some spot here in the US and not an organization in the UK. The site from the UK ought to be positioned a lot of lower on my inquiry whenever returned by any means.

The Influence of Western Cowboys in America Free Essays

Have you at any point seen a run of the mill American Western Movie? Assuming this is the case, I think it’s not hard to frame a picture of western cowhands in your psyche. At that point what do they resemble? A kid, wearing felt cap and riding boots with knife and handgun on the midsection, press his two legs incredible which makes the pony dash away. In a word, west cowhands are the saints on horsebacks. We will compose a custom paper test on The Influence of Western Cowboys in America or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now In light of the way of life and practices of them, western ranchers have gotten an indication of freedom, boldness and courageous. From the old ranchers make impacts on American culture continuously which can be seen from gem as well as their stuff and thoughts on values. Aside from motion pictures, tunes and verse are likewise distinctive in depicting their emotions and life. As per Harold Braverman in his article distributed on VOA, they just sang these melodies as they rode on the seats of their ponies over the steers lands which were near them. ( around then, they battled against the abandoned zone and quiet with the wonderful tunes and words. As Thin Lizzy sang in the tune â€Å"Cowboy Song† in Live And Dangerous, â€Å"Riding in the rodeo/Roll me over and set me free†. This could clarify why they are so intrigued by the riding lifeâ€they are aching for freedom, obviously. Their riding with their free deduction in the breeze bit by bit turns into an image which establishes in American longs for opportunity. A noose, cowhand towels, garments, cattle rustler cap, cowpoke bootsâ€modern rancher outfit hasn’t much distinction from that in motion pictures. Since everything has its reality esteem instead of is simply beautification. For instance, the noose is the most valuable device to control the crowd. When some cows surge out the line, cattle rustlers use it to get them which show their capacity and strategy. The bandanna called cattle rustler towels is multipurpose which shield ranchers from burn from the sun, residue and nippiness. What’s more, the tall cattle rustler boots improved with brilliant cowhides and prods make it increasingly proficient while working from horseback. I think it’s the unpleasant and sharp surfaces that invigorate the pony to fall in line. Anyway, the superb pictures establish a profound connection with normal individuals with the eagerness to discover the design dressing. Somewhat, it additionally trains individuals center around the natively constructed or handwork without costly materials. According to who advocate nature, these essential things can be simply appropriate. West cowhands are a gathering of individuals from everywhere throughout the world who are searching for chances to become saints. The greater part of them originated from Mexico and South of America, where are near the western America, yet in addition are those from Nevada in Australia. To be a genuine cattle rustler, blessing and gained difficult work are both required. Obviously, steadiness is basic to a cattle rustler which contains a lot of importance. To start with, he lives and goes with the crowd. So they have sense of pride and demonstrate regards to the cows simultaneously for a superior agreeable life. In Philip Ashton Rollins’s book The Cowboy: His Characteristics, His Equipment, and His Part in the advancement of the west, he referenced that college of fearlessness was a reserve of the cowboy’s exchange. Truth be told, they face with the risk from the creatures as well as from the atmosphere with Nature itself. They generally stand blistering, dusty, frosty climate conditions, the difficult work and even harm profoundly from internal alone. The greater part of the ranchers don’t look for popularity or fortune, rather than their comprehension and love of life. The cattle rustlers have solid feeling of equity, see as a man of mental fortitude and challenging, and adhere to their own guidelines about ceremonies, laws and establishments outside. They are distant from everyone else with the inclination about the crude life to current urban life. Be that as it may, who truly get cattle rustler, comprehend their profound forlornness and radiant? Comprehend they face west, prairie, crowds of basic assessment and desire? Maybe, packed urban areas in sicken and occupied current, more is the tremendous field and opportunity. As traffic created, showed up toward the start of the 21st century, rancher period wrapped up. With the spread of the American culture, the cattle rustler culture with writing, film picture, cowpoke apparel, language, and the interesting numbers, diversion, etc impacted the entire world. Cowhands, with authentic turn of events and legend, become the significant substance of American culture, moving ages of America. Legend proceeds. The most effective method to refer to The Influence of Western Cowboys in America, Papers

Free Essays on John Singer Sargent

Maybe one of the most notable painters of the nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years, John Singer Sargent represented considerable authority in representation of the more compelling and wealthy people of the time. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt, oil magnate John D. Rockefeller, writers Robert Louis Stevenson and Henry James, on-screen character Ellen Terry and craftsmanship supporter Isabella Stewart Gardner all sruck their best stances for him. Brought up in Europe by an American displaced person family, Sargent went to craftsmanship schools in Paris. Amazingly talented, he before long got exercises from the old experts, the contemporary Impressionists and the Spanish painters Velzquez and Goya, creating an awesome cluster of energizing and breathtaking artistic creations while just in his 20s. At the 1884 Paris Salon, in any case, his picture of the 23-year-old American Virginie Gautreau, appeared with exposed shoulders, flooding chest and haughty way, scandalized the Paris foundation. The image, which got known as Madame X, injured Sargent's expectations of building up himself as a picture painter in Paris. In 1886 he moved to London, and in only a couple of years turned into the most respected and looked for after picture painter in Britain and the United States. In any case, Sargent was considerably more than a representation painter. He was additionally a marvelous scene and figure craftsman, creating in excess of 1,000 amazing oils and watercolors. For instance, his Valdemosa, Majorca which is a watercolor of Brush and Thistles appeared on a slope. In spite of the fact that the paniting is exceptionally impressionistic, the lighter shades of the leaves truly present the brush towards the onlooker’s eye. He will in general occupy the whole space on the paper with his dim foundations differentiated against his lighter frontal areas. He utilizes an extraordinary blend of warm hues to show where the sunlit sky sparkles towards the brush. I have consistently been one whom appreciates impressionist bits of work, however Sargent’s compositions have consistently stood apart to me from the rest. ... Free Essays on John Singer Sargent Free Essays on John Singer Sargent Maybe one of the most notable painters of the nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years, John Singer Sargent spent significant time in representation of the more powerful and wealthy people of the time. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt, oil investor John D. Rockefeller, writers Robert Louis Stevenson and Henry James, on-screen character Ellen Terry and craftsmanship supporter Isabella Stewart Gardner all sruck their best postures for him. Brought up in Europe by an American displaced person family, Sargent went to workmanship schools in Paris. Incredibly skilled, he before long got exercises from the old experts, the contemporary Impressionists and the Spanish painters Velzquez and Goya, delivering an awesome cluster of energizing and amazing works of art while just in his 20s. At the 1884 Paris Salon, in any case, his picture of the 23-year-old American Virginie Gautreau, appeared with exposed shoulders, flooding chest and haughty way, scandalized the Paris foundation. The image, which got known as Madame X, disabled Sargent's expectations of setting up himself as a picture painter in Paris. In 1886 he moved to London, and in only a couple of years turned into the most appreciated and looked for after picture painter in Britain and the United States. Yet, Sargent was significantly more than a picture painter. He was likewise a breathtaking scene and figure craftsman, creating in excess of 1,000 astonishing oils and watercolors. For instance, his Valdemosa, Majorca which is a watercolor of Brush and Thistles appeared on a slope. In spite of the fact that the paniting is impressionistic, the lighter shades of the leaves truly present the brush towards the onlooker’s eye. He will in general occupy the whole space on the paper with his dull foundations differentiated against his lighter frontal areas. He utilizes an extraordinary blend of warm hues to show where the sunlit sky sparkles towards the brush. I have consistently been one whom appreciates impressionist bits of work, yet Sargent’s canvases have consistently stood apart to me from the rest. ...

Gallivanting with Gilles

Gallivanting with Gilles When I give information sessions (including one today, at 2PM), I often find occasion to derail the discussion of extracurriculars and athletics at MIT in order to share with attendees what I believe to be the best-kept secret about being part of the MIT community. For this reason, admittedly among countless others, the audience at my information sessions is incredibly lucky, because no one else will tell them this. Here it is: The best thing about being affiliated with MIT, hands down, no questions, is the mailing lists. Now I know what youre thinking OK, Vint Cerf, mailing lists havent been in vogue since before Nick Carter was but a twinkle in a record executives eye. And yes, mailing lists are not as fancy or shiny as things like Facebook Marketplace, or Google Groups, or even Craiglist. None of that matters. There are hundreds, perhaps thousands, of mailing lists at MIT, each dealing with countless subjects: web development, LARPing, literature, and so forth. Let me share with you a few stories of my experiences with MIT mailing lists. Gallivanting with Gilles, or, How I Came To Own and Love A Wagon For The Little Old Lady Who Lived In A Shoe For years, Ive been driving a 1999 Hyundai Elantra. It was a reliable and practical, if not particularly powerful or attractive, motor vehicle. Its official color was plum (ask me sometime about being hit on by a fifty-something parking attendant who remarked, batting her eyelashes, that it/I were plum gorgeous), and it had a really stupid spoiler on the back. Still, it got 30+ MPG, its 5spd stick shift was fun to drive, and Id planned on driving it until I couldnt drive it any more, purple exterior be damned. Unfortunately, that end came rather more quickly than Id planned. The brakes had been squeaking, so I took it into the local vocational technical high school (pro-tip for future starving students: voc techs will often fix your cars at the cost of the parts, saving you hundreds, perhaps thousands, on labor) to get checked out. The diagnosis wasnt good. The brakes were shot, yes as was the clutch, the exhaust manifold, and the timing belt, which shouldve been replaced 50,000 miles prior. The cost, even at the voc tech, wouldve been in the thousands of dollars, more than twice what the blue book value of the car was. Not having a car was not going to be a huge problem. As regular readers of the blogs know, I prefer to bike to work anyway, and the MBTA gets me almost everywhere I need to go. However, there are still times like when I want to go injure myself playing Frisbee in NH that having a car is nice. But buying a car off of Craiglist is always dicey, and I couldnt justify taking out an auto loan or buying something from a dealer. Enter the Reuse mailing list. Reuse is MITs version of Freecycling. You have something you dont want anymore? Email Reuse, and someone will claim it. Here are the five most recent Reuse lists in my Inbox at this very moment: But there are also other sections of Reuse. Theres Reuse-Housing, where people can look for houses or roommates; theres Reuse-Ask, where people can ask for things others might have that theyd be willing to park with; and theres Reuse-Sell, where people can try to offload their junk for a fee. I checked my Reuse-Sell folder, and one of the first things I saw was a listing for a car: We are returning to our home country and are selling our car. Its a Suzuki Aerio SX. Year 2003. Mileage 69000. Shift gear 5 spd. Color Grey. Well maintained. Runs great. We sell it for 4000 USD. Email Gilles. Long story short, this was precisely what I was looking for. An affordable, practical car, which also got 30+ MPG and had a four-door hatchback body that could seat five and yet fold down its seats for storage, being sold for blue-book value. Well maintained spotless condition really with no problems in its history or near future, even if, as the NYT auto reviewer had, at the cars launch in 2002, wrote that it looks like a wagon for the old woman who lived in a shoe. Because Gilles was a fellow member of the MIT community, we felt we could trust each other: I declined to take the car in for a presale inspection, trusting his word that everything was in fine condition, and he took a personal check from me, trusting that it wouldnt bounce. These are things you wouldnt do on Craiglist, but, as Gilles said, perhaps [we are] naive, but something about the MIT community meant [we] could trust [each other]. My check went through, the inspection came out clean; Gilles is back in Switzerland, and Im driving around a peppy, practical car, being mistaken for a little old lady everywhere I go. YOU MUST CONSTRUCT ADDITIONAL COMPUTERS, or, Cheaply Destroying My Life For Fun And (Blizzards) Profit Like just about every somewhat geeky male of my generation I grew up playing Starcraft, which is to say spending hours ordering tiny pixellated space aliens around my screen carefully collecting blue minerals until I would eventually get thrashed by hyperactive eleven year old old from Korea who decide that Zergrushing me would help him land that sponsored tournament gig and an Ayreon chair. And, again like everyone of my demographic and generation, ever since 1998 Ive been waiting with bated breath for the release of Starcraft II, through all of its various delays and missteps and mishaps. When they finally announced the launch date and system specs for SC2, my joy at the first was tempered by despair at the latter my ancient home Macbook, with its puny integrated Intel graphics card, would not be able to handle the less-pixellated hordes of alien invaders in this game. Luckily, MIT IST had just announced (via mailing list of course) that they were replacing a bunch of obsolete departmental desktops, and that a limited number would be available for resale to staff. It was through this program that I bought a dual-core 3.4 GHz Dell with a 250 GB HD and 2 GB RAMfor $42. Granted, this machine isnt a Cray, but its a zippy rig for the cost of The Ultimate Answer. I almost got a graphics card off of Reuse for around $50, but Newegg was having a crazy sale so I picked up one that was twice as good for just a little more. [emailprotected], or, What To Do With That Leftover Pizza First of all, if you have leftover pizza, youre doing college wrong. But lets say that for some reason you do (you were at Anime Club meeting we have the largest private anime collection in the world and your friends were too busy watching Dragonball Z reruns to eat everything). Now, youre an environmentally conscious MIT student. You know that you dont want to waste food, because theres more energy used up by food we waste than in all the oil extracted from the Gulf of Mexico per annum. You have a couple of leftover pizzas. Enter Vultures, also known as free food. You simply pop open your laptop, email vultures saying free pizzas, lobby 10, get them while theyre warm, and wait. Now its like 10 PM on a Friday night, no one is on campus, all is dark and peacefuluntil an MIT student pops out of the woodwork, glances around, grabs a pizza and leaves. Its the most anthropologically interesting list at MIT, and potentially the most (unintentionally) environmentally beneficial one too. If youre a student with too much food, you get to give it away without waste; if youre a student without any good, you get free food without having to dumpster dive. Indeed, the MIT mailing lists are a microcosm of life at MIT. Rather than being bored or struggling with a dearth of things to do, the struggle instead is with the firehose: learning to manage all of the incoming reuse, free food, and other emails, not to mention zephyr chats and other MIT arcana, might be the toughest part of the job!

Classification of the Main Characters of William Shakespeares The Tragedy of Julius Caesar - Literature Essay Samples

Although the characters of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar can not be easily classified because of their emotional depth and mental complexity, one can draw certain conclusions about them based on the attributes that they possess. Shakespeare uses the intricacy of the characters personalities to develop the plot. The motives of some characters are often quite obvious, while other characters intentionally or subconsciously mask their intent to maintain an appearance of loyalty or to deceive their adversary. Few of the characters match perfectly one of the four character descriptions; protagonist, antagonist, anti-hero, or heroic anti-hero, but rather are a composite of different aspects of each. Mark Antony is probably the easiest of the characters to classify. He is quite clearly an antagonist. Before the assassination Antony makes only four brief appearances and speaks as many lines. Three times, twice at the games and once at Caesars house, Antony affirms his allegiance to Caesar as a ruler and as a friend. After the assassination; however, Antony hastens to fill the void made by Caesars absence and he becomes a prominent player in the struggle for power. Beginning with Antonys use of his servant to flatter Brutus prior to Antonys arrival at the Capitol, Antony attempts to appeal to Brutuss self-perceived senses of honor and nobility. He successfully convinces Brutus that he would be able to agree with the conspirators if their cause was explained to him. He shakes hands with all of them to prove the integrity of his claim. He gains the right to speak at Caesars funeral by playing on Brutuss sense of righteousness. At the funeral Antony effects his plan by turning the mob of fickle plebeians against the conspirators, forcing them to flee Rome. Antony gains the support of Octavius, and together they pursue Brutus and Cassius to Philippi where Antony skillfully directs his army against them. The defeat resulted in the suicides of Brutus and Cassius. Caesar plays t he part of a heroic anti-hero. Although he had attained military triumphs prior to the beginning of the play, he was not satisfied with them. He craved absolute power but his inclination to be easily flattered and his disregard of the omens led to his demise. From the first glimpse of Caesar at the Lupercal in Act I Scene II it is quite clear that he is a man to be revered and would have it no other way. When he tells Antony to touch Calpurnia, Antony replies, When Caesar says, à «Do this, it is performed. Caesar foolishly dismissed the soothsayer who warns him to beware the Ides of March as a dreamer. Caesar considers himself to be one with the gods and believes himself to be invincible against mere humans. The night before the Ides of March Caesar is given many indications of his impending doom, but he heeds none of them. Among other things Calpurnia told Caesar that she had envisioned a lioness whelping in the streets, graves that unearthed their dead, and fierce fiery warriors that fought upon the clouds. Caesar also ignored the meteor shower and scorned the advice of the augurers who failed to find a heart within a slaughtered beast. When Calpurnia insisted that it would be dangerous to venture to the Capitol, Caesar said that he and danger were two lions littered in one day, / And I the elder and more terrible. He allowed Decius Brutus to appeal to his Achilles heel, egotism and honor. Decius told Caesar that the Senate was going to crown him, and they would perceive his absence as cowardice. On the way to the Capitol, Caesar once again ignores the soothsayer and he disregards Artemidoruss letter. Once in the Senate House, Brutus and the other conspirators plead with Caesar to repeal the banishment of Metellus Cimbers brother. While they are kissing his feet and fawning over him, Casca stabs him in the back and the rest follow suit. Even until the very last Caesar allowed himself to be deceived by flattery and by his own perceived invulnerability. Cassi us is the definitive anti-hero. He fails in almost everything he undertakes and has a massive inferiority complex. Caesar recognizes this in Act I Scene II when he says, Such men as he (Cassius) never be at hearts ease / Whiles they behold a greater than themselves. Cassius makes bad decisions and constantly allows Brutus to persuade him into agreeing with courses of actions that are based on faulty logic. Cassius yields to Brutus three times during the planning of the murder. Brutus overrules Cassius on the matter of swearing an oath, whether to kill Antony as well as Caesar, and whether or not they should include Cicero in the conspiracy. Cassius deeply resents being subservient to Caesar. He fails to comprehend why Caesar, not he, is the one in power. In Act I Scene II Cassius says to Brutus, I was born as free as CaesarÃâ€" / We both have fed as well, and we can both / Endure the winters cold as well as he (Caesar). He is engulfed with feelings of loathing and animosity, and he is frustrated because there is little he can do about them. The most grievous of his many errors was to bow to Brutuss will that they should fight at Philippi rather than holding their defensive position on elevated terrain. Cassius became so accustomed to failing that he did not question Pindarus when he mistakenly reported that the enemy had captured Titinius. Believing that he had caused the death of Titinius and lost the battle, Cassius beseeched Pindarus to kill him. Despite the various bad decisions Brutus made throughout the course of the play, he is the hero. He has strong moral convictions and an unwavering sense of nobility. He is the only character in the play who governs his life according to these principles. The other characters in the play recognize these traits and they are the primary reason that Cassius recruits him. In Act II Scene I Cauis Ligarius says, I am not sick if Brutus have in hand / Any exploit worthy the name of honor. In the same scene Cassius states, no man here / But honors you; and everyone doth wish / You had but that opinion of yourself / Which every noble Roman bears of you. Cassius believes that Brutus will provide an honorable front for his own selfish deeds. Brutus measures all of his actions on his own scale of ethics and righteousness. He is slow and deliberate when making moral decisions, but quick to respond to questions about the conspiracy. Brutus contemplates the necessity of an assassination for over a month. He is forced to weigh his unbending values against his love and friendship for Caesar. He realizes that it is necessary to rid Rome of Caesar in order to prevent his power from growing too great, but he finds himself wrestling with the emotional stress of condoning the murder of a good friend. In Act II Scene I Brutus wishes that they could come by Caesars spirit / and not dismember Caesar. Brutus wants to carve him (Caesar) as a dish fit for the gods, / Not hew him as a carcass fit for hounds. To Brutuss d ismay this does not prove to be the case. When Antony petitions Brutus to allow him to speak at Caesars funeral, Brutus consents against the will of Cassius. Brutus sees it fit that someone should recount the positive side of Caesars life because he never considered Caesar to be a bad person, only a threat to freedom. After the assassination, Brutus second-guesses his motives and confronts the reality that he participated in a murder. He can no longer justify it to himself. He lives by his sense of honor until the very end when he commits suicide to prevent the disgrace of being taken bound to Rome.

Vendre - French Verb Conjugations

Essay on Media Violence in Childrens Lives - 2588 Words

Media Violence in Childrens Lives During the past decade, America has witnessed an alarming increase in the incidence of violence in the lives of children. On a daily basis, children in America are victims of violence, as witnesses to violent acts in their homes or communities, or as victims of abuse, neglect, or personal assault. The causes of violent behavior in society are complex and interrelated. Among the significant contributors are poverty, racism, unemployment, illegal drugs, inadequate or abusive parenting practices, and real-life adult models of violent problem-solving behavior. At the same time that there has been an increase in the number of reported violent acts directed at children, there has been an†¦show more content†¦During this formative period, young children are particularly vulnerable to negative influences. In most instances, children have no control over the environmental messages theyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Violence on Television and Children,1302 Words   |  6 PagesViol ence is an everyday occurrence in our society. It affects adults and children but it has a greater impact on children. Children are more moldable and are greatly influenced by things they see and hear. More and more violence is becoming prevalent in daily lives. Children all over the world are becoming victims to the same violent acts they witness on TV and at home. Children fall victim to abuse and neglect at home and at school. Children are bombarded with violence from all angles. With theRead MoreJuvenile Crime and Violence in Schools Essay640 Words   |  3 PagesColumbine High School. This act of violence resulted in not only their own deaths but the deaths of many other innocent students and one teacher. However, this was not the first instance of violence in schools. 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With media access so obtainable these days, violent media is practical everywhere. Many writers take a stand on this, and give an opinion of how the matter should be handled. Gerard Jones and John Leo both argue their case on how the approach towards how the situation should be handed. Jones argues that violent media is good for children, since it gives them a way to escape the harsh reality; however, Leo argues that violent media is a main source for many of the disturbing

The Neolithic and Industrial Revolutions - 2038 Words

The Neolithic and Industrial Revolutions The two changes in the use of the earths resources that had the greatest effect on the world population were the Neolithic and the industrial revolutions. The Neolithic revolution (a.k.a. agricultural revolution) was a change in the way of life of our ancestors. It took place about 8000 years ago among various tribes in Asia and the Middle East. It included a transition from foraging and hunting to the domestication of animals (most probably starting with the dog) and to farming. Tribes settled in fertile areas and formed agricultural communities many of which grew into villages and cities. This relatively stable way of life and the more reliable food supply (and surplus) led to the development†¦show more content†¦Biogeochemical cycles In the carbon cycle, the key events are the complementary reactions of respiration and photosynthesis. Respiration takes carbohydrates and oxygen and combines them to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Photosynthesis (6CO + 12H O + Light Energy C H O + 6O +6H O) takes carbon dioxide and water and produces carbohydrates and oxygen. The outputs of respiration are the inputs of photosynthesis, and the outputs of photosynthesis are the inputs of respiration. The reactions are also complementary in the way they deal with energy. Photosynthesis takes energy from the sun and stores it in the carbon-carbon bonds of carbohydrates; respiration releases that energy. Both plants and animals carry on respiration, but only plants and other producers can carry on photosynthesis. The chief reservoirs for carbon dioxide are in the oceans and in rock. Carbon dioxide dissolves readily in water. Once there, it may precipitate as a solid rock known as calcium carbonate. Corals and algae encourage this reaction and build up limestone reefs in the process. On land and in the water, plants take up carbon dioxide and convert it into carbohydrates through photosynthesis. This carbon in the plants now has 3 possible endings. It can be returned to the atmosphere by the plant through respiration; it can be eaten by an animal, or it can be present in the plant when the plant dies. Animals obtain all their carbon in their food, and, thus, all carbonShow MoreRelatedFood Gathering And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthese strategies of survival and adaptation, there comes a consequence of damaging the surrounding environment. At what cost are humans taking to survive on this planet that they are unintentionally destroying? In this paper, the topics of the Neolithic Revolution, these strategies of food gathering, and the consequences of the strategies will be discussed. 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Throughout its discovery revealed down faults and successes that created our current agriculture. Discoveries such as clothing, wovel, makeup products were essential for individuals. Neolithic Revolution is one of human kindsRead MoreDescribe how the second industrial revolution of the late nineteenth century differed from the first industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.1420 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Describe how the second industrial revolution of the late nineteenth century differed from the first industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. This paper intends to compare the first industrial revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries and the second industrial revolution of the mid-18th and 19th centuries. 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The Synecdochic Motif in Sherwood Andersons Winesburg, Ohio

The Synecdochic Motif in Winesburg, Ohio The sum of the parts of the vignettes of townsfolk of Winesburg, Ohio is greater than the whole novel. Winesburg, too, is only one town in all of Ohio, which is one of a host of states in the U.S. This magnification is at the heart of the novel, in which synecdoche is the main lens through which Sherwood Anderson allows us to regard the grotesques. This narrow aperture of perception does not compromise full characterization, but instead forces the reader into searching for subtle connections within and across the sketches. The opening story, Hands, launches the titular synecdochic motif whose pairings Anderson systematically and symmetrically deploys. Discounting the final†¦show more content†¦The paradox features an impossible or illogical state of being for the hand, but one that exists nonetheless. Anderson cues us to the paradoxs importance by showing Wing Biddlebaum rubbing his hands together and looking up and down the road (5). The gesture has little to d o with his vision at the moment, but suggests that the reader similarly look both ways when reading through the book and exercise his depth perception. We take note of the perplexing admixture of human emotion under the surface of a simple handshake: He put out his hand as though to greet the younger man and then awkwardly drew it back again (141). The relationship between the two men†¹that of a doctor greeting a dead patients son†¹is summed up by the handshake, a formalized mode of greeting in a situation that requires the tact of more informal tactility. The ambivalence that meets a person when thrust into society, of desiring intimacy but fearing the proximity, is the central motivation of the grotesques, as voiced by an eighteen-year-old George Willard, who later recants his vows with angry, forced aloofness: With all his heart he wants to come close to some other human, touch someone with his hands, be touched by the hand of anotherÃ…  He wants, most of al l, understanding (145). But such an understanding is difficult when the paradoxes reveal their irreconcilable and incomprehensible origins. Insecure about his baldness, Wings hands futilely

Is College Too Stressful Free Essays

College is a life changing experience for any person that wants to continue their learning experience, and since this is such a momentous occasion there are adjustments that must be made by students in order to succeed in college. With such drastic changes people going to college will be put under stress, and they will have to make certain decisions to make their college experience a doable one. Even though college tends to be stressful for student it should not be overwhelming or cause a student to break down and give up because it is too hard. We will write a custom essay sample on Is College Too Stressful? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yes, college is very challenging at times, but is it too much of a challenge to where students will put under major amounts of stress and will break down from the constant flow of homework and readings that the professors assign? The answer to this question is no, college does not put too much stress on students because if a student is willing to make the right choices and sacrifice their effort and time then college would not be stressful. â€Å"Stress is a feeling that’s created when we react to particular events. It’s the body’s way of rising to a challenge and preparing to meet a tough situation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is how Teen Heath, an online article on defining what causes stress, describes what stress is. There are two different types of stress and they are good stress and bad stress. Good stress â€Å"tends to inspire us to rise to a challenge, so that we discover and experience more of our potential,† (Good Stress vs. Bad Stress paragraph 2), while bad stress, â€Å"leaves us feeling depleted and anxious† (Good Stress vs. Bad Stress paragraph 2). Most college students usually feel overwhelmed because they are not managing their time correctly and are doing everything at the last minute. If a college student has excellent time management and is responsible to make correct decisions then college will be less challenging and will promote good stress in their lives. Having good time management skills is very important when going to college because of excess homewo rk and readings that are assigned by professors. In college a student has a lot of free time for doing homework because college classes are more of a lecture style setting, so students are usually taught what they supposed to know for the homework during class and given time outside of class to do the homework. Giving different classes a specific amount of committed hours will help with procrastination and a student will be able to organize when homework and study hours will be for each class. Having awareness of what your goals are will assist you in prioritizing your activities,† (Managing Your Time paragraph 1) if a student has a plan of attack of how they are going to complete their homework goals then they will be successful. Responsibility is also another key role in being successful for college and having a good stress environment. College students have a lot of freedom because most college students do not live with their parents, so there is no one to wake them up for class, telling them when to do their homework, or anyone to tell them when it’s time for them to go to bed. In college, you will have†¦ a great deal of freedom and flexibility,† (Managing Your Time paragraph 1) students must take the initiative to do what they know is right in order to accomplish their goal of doing well in college. There are many parties that happen on campus grounds and sometimes the partying will affect a student’s consistency of going to class because they partied too hard and were not able to get up for class, or they went to class and were too tired to focus. Then there are instances where a student is not consistent with their homework because they did not feel like doing it. Without parents as a constant reminder students need to adapt. Also, having too many class hours can hinder a student from being successful in college. A student must know what their maximum work load is, so they can take on the homework that the professors assign to them while still getting good grades. Many students tend to take on way more class hours than they are capable of causing them to feel very stressed out and hopeless. If a student does take on too many hours then they will end up having to sacrifice other classes in order to manage a decent grade for a harder class. Then some students take classes that they are under qualified for and then they end up struggling because they do not meet the credentials of that class. A student must know their limits in order to flourish in a college atmosphere. College can be very stressful for students because of some indirect causes from a student’s personal life. For example, a student might become very ill and is unable to attend class and they fall behind in class. If this were to happen then the student must communicate to their professor that they are struggling and they need help catching up. Professors tend to be very understanding of a student falls behind in class as long as the student is telling the professor what is going on. Then there are scenarios where people have no choice but to take upper level classes within the same time frame because what degree they are majoring in makes it hard for them to spread out difficult classes. Also, some college students have children and that makes it harder for them to manage their time with doing homework from professors because they have to take care of their child first. Sometimes colleges do have professors that are very unreasonable with giving ludicrous amounts of homework and are not willing to make it manageable for students to succeed in their class, and if this scenario does happen then the student should either drop that class and take another time, or just try and find a different professor to take the class with. There are ways to make college less stressful if it is too stressful on a student as long as they communicate with their advisors or professors. College may seem stressful because of poor time management, a student took too many classes, and the lack of responsibility that some students tend to have. With poor time management a student will be unorganized and will not be able to succeed because there is no routine for them to follow thus making it hard for the student to have a time slot for when they will study for test or do homework for a class. Also, students are liable to take on too many class hours and not have enough time to put in the effort of studying therefore they have to sacrifice one class over the other just to make ends meet. When a student goes off to college there is a lot of freedom because they are away from their parents and there is no one to tell them when to do their homework, so instead of focusing on studies they might go out with friends and reap the consequences of not doing their homework on time and not study for a test. College is stressful because students make it stressful with unwise decisions that are made. How to cite Is College Too Stressful?, Papers

Criminal Law and Process

Question: David, a 20 year old schizophrenic who was prescribed medication for his condition by his doctor, was married to Josephine for a period of two years. Within the last 9 months David became a weekly binge drinker and in his alcoholic state became very violent towards Josephine. On their wedding anniversary David had planned to spend a quiet evening at home with Josephine and cooked a special meal for the occasion. David had a few drinks whilst cooking the meal and waiting for Josephine. She arrived home some 2 hours late and the meal was ruined. David became very irate, failed to take his medication and confronted Josephine as to her lateness. She plucked up enough courage to tell David that she no longer loved him because he was a madman, that she had a new lover, Len, who she had been seeing for the last 6 months and would be leaving David within a week. David flew into a rage and hit Josephine on the head and chest with a poker, killing her. He is charged with the murder of Josephine. Consider what defences, if any, may be available to David, explaining in your answer the burdens and standards of proof and the respective functions of the judge and jury in dealing with the issues arising in this case. Answer: Brief Facts: David was a schizophrenic who was undergoing medication for his condition. After his marriage, he had become a binge drinker and became very violent towards Josephine. On the day of their wedding anniversary, he had prepared lunch, but Josephine confessed her feelings for Len that day. He was drunk on that day and in a fit of rage, he killed his wife. David is charged with the murder of Josephine. Issue: Based on the facts stated above, the question that arises here is whether David has any defenses available and the burden and standard of proof available. The role of judge and jury and their respective functions in this case. In this case, the Department of Forensic Mental Health Professionals has to conduct an appropriate test for establishing his insanity[1]. The testimony of the forensic department needs to be testified by the Jury. However, the Jury cannot prove the accuser's criminal responsibility. In the same way, the medical practitioners do not have the authority to decide whether the defendant committed the murder or not. Relevant Rules and Procedures: In all crimes, the defense of insanity is available. According to section 2 of the Trial of Lunatics Act, 1883, the jury can declare the defendant to be insane and pass a special verdict that "not guilty because of insanity[2]." This provided habitual admittance to secure a place somewhere to live in. A lifetime institutionalization was granted in cases where the Jury declares the defendant insane. In all instances of murder, the detention is always announced at the discretion of the Judge. This is stated in Section 5 of the Criminal Procedure ( Insanity) Act, 1964. In addition to other defenses, the defense of insanity is unique and can be raised by the judge and prosecution. This is the most frequent defense that is available to the defendant who is guilty of murder. To avoid the plea of guilt, they find a solution in establishing insanity. The defense of insanity is the most common defense, and it has lost its importance in the recent times since the death penalty is abolished[3]. The defense of insanity can be availed only at the following three points: Insanity before examination. Not fit to appeal. Insanity at the time when the offense was committed. The Home Secretary has the authority to arrest the defendant if he is insane at the time when the proceeding was about to start against him. The defendant can be detained and sent to the mental hospital. The offender's state of mind requires an approval of at least two medical practitioners[4]. The Judge or the prosecution defense can raise questions related to the unfitness to plead for the defendant. Section four of the Criminal Procedure Act 1964 (Insanity), states that unique adjudicators are established to decide whether the accused is not fit to plead or not. The decision of the Jury is based on the balance of probabilities. If any of the six things that happened and that was not in the control of the appellant, then the Jury can declare the defendant unfit to plead. The six probabilities are: Understanding of the charges Making a decision whether to appeal responsible or not. Using his power to challenge jurors. Instructing the counsel and solicitors. Following the proceedings of the course. Providing evidence for his defense[5]. The second Jury will establish the actus reus of the crime if the defendant is found not to be fit to plead. If the defendant did not consign the actus reus then that will be the end of that issue, or if the Jury is of the estimation that actus reus was committed, then the Judge can make an order under Section 5 of the Criminal Procedural Act (Insanity) 1964. In the case of R v. Pritchard[6], the defendant was hard of hearing and silent. The Jury held that since the defendant was deaf and dumb at the time of pleading, therefore, there are no means of communicating the details of the trial to the defendant. Hence, the Jury did not hold him guilty due to insanity. The MNaghten Rules[7] are applied to cases where the question of insanity is to be determined at the time of the offense. It must be established that the defendant was suffering from any of the following diseases at the time of the offense: A defect in the power of interpretation. The fault should be caused due to the ailment of the mind. The fault should be of such nature that the defendant did not know what he was doing or if he did not know that act he committed was wrong. In the case of R v. Burgess[8], the claimant was charged with murder because she smashed a bottle over a womans head and then hit her video recorder while she was sleeping. She defended herself stating that she was sleepwalking while she did this and could not recollect any of the events the next morning. Her claim was supported by medical evidence submitted by the medical department. Lord Lane held that we accept that sleep is a normal condition, but the evidence in the instant case indicates that sleepwalking, and particularly violence in the sleep, is not normal[9]. Every accused is presumed to be sane by law and answerable for his actions unless the reverse is proved. This means the onus or the burden of proof lies on the defendant to prove that he was not sane at the time when he committed the crime. In England, the balance of probabilities does the determination whereby the defendant has the onus to prove his insanity. The Human Rights Act of 1998 integrates the European Convention on Human Rights into English law. According to the given section, everyone who is charged with the offense of murder is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty[10]. The Criminal Procedure Act (Insanity) 1991 deals with the function of the jury about insanity. Section one of the Act has explicitly stated the responsibilities of the Jury, that a Jury shall not return a special verdict that "the accused is not guilty because of insanity." The law gives power to the Jury to decide where two medical practitioners are in conflict to determine insanity of a person. Therefore, the Jury has exclusive authority to decide a case than deals with insanity based on the facts and circumstances of the case[11]. Application: In the given case study, David can also defend himself on the ground that he was insane at the time when he killed Josephine. As it was already stated that David was a schizophrenic and was undergoing medication for his condition, therefore, it will be easy for David to prove that he was insane and not in his control at the time of killing his wife. The Jury will decide insanity of David. He will go through a medical test to determine his level of insanity. The Jury will have the sole responsibility to establish his insanity. In case of any conflict, the Jury will exercise his discretionary power and decide the matter based on the facts and circumstances of Davids case. The Jury will determine Davids insanity by applying the balance of probabilities analysis. At the time when David killed his wife, he was drunk and that time he did not have the power to understand that what might be the probable outcome of his action. He was not in a position to decide whether he was supposed to plead guilty or not. Additionally, he did not have the power or the right to challenge the jurors. The burden of proof lies in the hand of David. David has the onus of proving that he is insane. The general rule of law considers everyone innocent and sane, so the burden of proof lies in the hand of David to proof that he is insane. The Jury has to exercise his discretionary power to take decision and consider whether the defenses produced by David are valid or not. Conclusion: The determination based on insanity is criticized on many factors. The first reason this faces criticisms is medical irrelevance. In many cases of insanity, it was noted that the doctors often rely on obsolete methods of determining insanity. They do not use reliable method for determination of insanity. Other reasons why this test is criticized is because of ineffectiveness and scope of the determination[12]. Reference List: Arnell P, Law Across Borders (Routledge 2012) Ashworth A, Zedner L and Tomlin P, Prevention And The Limits Of The Criminal Law (Oxford University Press 2013) Ashworth, Andrew, and Jeremy Horder.Principles of criminal law. Oxford University Press, 2013. Clark D, Comparative Law And Society (Edward Elgar 2012) Duff A, The Constitution Of The Criminal Law (Oxford University Press 2013) Hall D, Criminal Law And Procedure (Delmar 2011) Herring, Jonathan.Criminal law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press, USA, 2014. Mrazek, Patricia Beezley, and C. Henry Kempe, eds.Sexually Abused Children Their Families. Elsevier, 2014. R vPritchard(1836) 7 C. P. 303 Schmid E, Taking Economic, Social And Cultural Rights Seriously In International Criminal Law SeredynÃÅ' ska I, Insider Dealing And Criminal Law (Springer 2012) Sliedregt E and Vasiliev S, Pluralism In International Criminal Law Stephen, James Fitzjames.A history of the criminal law of England. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Air Quality in Modern and Industrialized Cities

Question: The problem of air quality in China came to the worlds attention during the 2008 Olympic games. The city of Linfen is considered one of the most polluted places on earth. Are there similarities between these modern cities and industrial cities in Britain during the 19th century? What are the issues? How is the context different? What long-term solutions can you suggest? Answer: During the 19th century, there was the absence of the Green Industrialization, which provokes the resemblance of pollution between the modern and industrial cities of Britain. The significant emergence of the industrialization theme is the primary reason causing the rise of typical issues faced by the modern cities (Chambers, 2013). Due to the industrial revolution, these cities are confronting the high risk of air pollution continuously hampering the environmental balance. The comparison between the contexts is highly complicated, as the condition of Lifen is roughly similar to the scenario of 21st century whereas the cities of Britain to the 19th century. Therefore, the need of a long-term solution is required by rethinking the economic development (Evans, 2014). Based on the arguments, the countries need to grow certain level of prosperity to move across the dirty phases of industrialization. References Chambers, L. A. (2013). Classification and extent of air pollution problems.Air Pollution Volume I. Evans, E. J. (2014).The forging of the modern state: early industrial Britain, 1783-1870. Routledge.

Assignment Address free essay sample

What is the type of artifact that you photographed? This is a museum that shows the African American history through several activities. 2. Where in your town is this art located? SST. Petersburg, Florida 3. What part of the African-American culture (dress, customs, personal experience) does this artifact preserve? This preserves a personal experience from Dry. Carter G. Wooden. 4. Why is this artifact significant in the preservation of the African-American culture? It shows where Dry. Carter G. Wooden lived and where he had worked on the books he has published. 5. Describe the artifact in your photo. Give colors or color schemes, type of materials that the arts creator uses, and other relevant aspects of the arts design. The color of this house is normal and represents the colors used back then, in the beginning of the 20th century. It shows sophistication and class by the looks on the outside of the house. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment Address or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Free Essays on Segregation

The Supreme Court's decision launched the legal movement to desegregate U.S. society. At that time, many areas of the United States, especially in the South, were racially segregated. In segregated areas, blacks and whites went to separate schools, lived in separate neighborhoods, rode in separate parts of buses, and drank from separate drinking fountains. State laws called Jim Crow laws required or permitted such separation. An 1896 Supreme Court decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson had permitted separate railroad cars or trains as long as they were equal in nature. The 1896 decision established the "separate but equal" principle, which later was used to uphold other kinds of segregation in the United States. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, guided by its chief lawyer, Thurgood Marshall, decided to use the Brown case and its companion cases to challenge the "separate but equal" principle. In the Brown case itself, Oliver Brown, an African Ameri can railroad worker in Topeka, Kansas, sued the Topeka Board of Education for not allowing Linda Brown, his daughter, to attend Sumner Elementary School, an all-white school near her home. The other cases involved similar suits by black parents from other parts of the country. Marshall attacked the "separate but equal" rule by arguing that segregation harms minority students by making them feel inferior and thus interfering with their ability to learn. By declaring that the discriminatory nature of racial segregation ... "violates the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws," Brown v. Board of Education laid the foundation for shaping future national and international policies regarding human rights. Brown v. Board of Education was not simply about children and education. The laws and policies struck down by this court decision were products of the human tendencies to prejudge, discriminate again... Free Essays on Segregation Free Essays on Segregation The Supreme Court's decision launched the legal movement to desegregate U.S. society. At that time, many areas of the United States, especially in the South, were racially segregated. In segregated areas, blacks and whites went to separate schools, lived in separate neighborhoods, rode in separate parts of buses, and drank from separate drinking fountains. State laws called Jim Crow laws required or permitted such separation. An 1896 Supreme Court decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson had permitted separate railroad cars or trains as long as they were equal in nature. The 1896 decision established the "separate but equal" principle, which later was used to uphold other kinds of segregation in the United States. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, guided by its chief lawyer, Thurgood Marshall, decided to use the Brown case and its companion cases to challenge the "separate but equal" principle. In the Brown case itself, Oliver Brown, an African Ameri can railroad worker in Topeka, Kansas, sued the Topeka Board of Education for not allowing Linda Brown, his daughter, to attend Sumner Elementary School, an all-white school near her home. The other cases involved similar suits by black parents from other parts of the country. Marshall attacked the "separate but equal" rule by arguing that segregation harms minority students by making them feel inferior and thus interfering with their ability to learn. By declaring that the discriminatory nature of racial segregation ... "violates the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws," Brown v. Board of Education laid the foundation for shaping future national and international policies regarding human rights. Brown v. Board of Education was not simply about children and education. The laws and policies struck down by this court decision were products of the human tendencies to prejudge, discriminate again...

Concert Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Concert Reaction - Essay Example As a music genre, Rock music originated as ‘rock n roll’, and rapidly undergone transition under influences of such genres as Rhythm and Blues as well as Country music. Rock is generally centered on the electric guitar, and the songs encompass a wide range of themes. Note that currently there are numerous sub-categories of rock music, examples of which include Pop rock, Blues rock, Jazz rock, Progressive rock-typical of Kansas, to name but a few. According to the artist, Kerry Livgren, this song had no specific religious aim during its composure, even though it carries a religious undertone. The artists though, became an evangelical Christian in 1980, and this partly explains why he chose the carry on title, which again depicted him as the wayward son. The introduction of this song is marked by a cappella vocals that makes it a favorite song for Rock DJs who prefer talking less when the music is playing. The song as a sweet melody and harmonious tone that not only encourages an individual, but also sets one in the mood to feel light at heart. It is characterized with between medium to high resonance, with good use of symphonic influences. Additionally, the song portrays the artist as having high degree of instrumental skill, and explores simple time signature of 12/8 in the opening riff that repeats every three bars. What I generally found amazing in this song is the ability of the artists to incorporate meaningful message into this song. The lyrics are quite reflective, self-searching and seem to attempt to explore some elements of spiritual questions worth thinking over. This is another song by the Kansas band that was written by Kerry Livgren. Apparently, the song was inspired by a book he read, in which the line â€Å"For all we are is dust in the wind† caught his attention. The words got him thinking of the true value of material possessions, that in the long run, all the wealth and material possessions

Comorbidity Eating Disorders and Substance Abuse Essay

Comorbidity Eating Disorders and Substance Abuse - Essay Example Using a behavior specific approach in a community-based sample, Piran and Robinson (2005) found that as disordered eating behaviors became more severe, or were clustered together, the number of substance classes used increased. In addition, particular eating disordered behaviors were differentially related to the use of various substance classes. The study of the comorbidity between disordered eating and substance use in middle and high schools samples tended to focus on the association between attitudes toward eating, weight, and shape and tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use (Field et al., 2002). Nonetheless, several school-based studies have also reported on associations between tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use in relation to bingeing, purging and dieting behaviors (Lock et al., 2001 and Tomori et al., 2001). However, only a few investigations have included a broader range of substance classes while investigating associations between disordered eating attitudes and behaviors and substance use in school-based studies (Von Ranson et al., 2002). Tomori et al. ... (2002) found an association between the revised EDI subscales of Binge Eating, Body Dissatisfaction, and Compensating Behaviors, and the use of a wide range of illicit drugs. There are a small number of studies that have examined the relationship between problematic eating patterns and substance use in university samples (Anderson et al., 2005, Dunn et al., 2002, Krahn et al., 2005, Saules et al., 2004,). Several of these studies have focused on the relationship between bulimic symptomatology and substance use (Dunn et al., 2002 and Krahn et al., 2005). For example, Dunn et al. (2002) found no difference in patterns of alcohol use among college-age non-treatment seeking females with and without bulimia nervosa. The investigators did, however, find differences between the groups in their reported use of marijuana, opiates, and barbiturates. Krahn et al. (2005) found that the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption were positively associated with a measure that assessed the combined severity of engagement in bingeing, dieting, and purging behaviors. In their study, smoking cigarettes, even at very low levels, was also related to the measure of combine d disordered eating behaviors. Other university-based studies have explored the relationship between disordered eating attitudes and behaviors as measured on the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and substance abuse. Krahn et al. (2005) reported a positive significant, albeit small, association between problematic alcohol use in female undergraduate students and the EDI subscales of Bulimia and Interoceptive Awareness, but no such correlation with the other EDI subscales. No significant relationships were found between EDI subscales and use of other substances,

Elitism Or Pluralism Depiction Of Political Power Politics Essay

Elitism Or Pluralism Depiction Of Political Power Politics Essay The United States of America, the biggest democracy in the world, was born as such in 1787, when 55 representatives of each state gathered in Philadelphia in order to achieve a compromise, a union within states. When we talk about America, what crosses our mind is the idea of greatness, strength and power, an enormous power of an enormous country, and its distribution is one of the major issues in American politics, whether it is an elitist or a pluralist distribution of power. Nevertheless, it is worth first of all turning ones attention to the history of the United States and this will perhaps allow us better to understand and analyse the American power. Lets go back to the eighteenth century, when Americans were unfairly treated by the English Crown, they contributed to the metropolis and they were torn apart in every decision that concerned them so that by the middle of the eighteenth century, a negative atmosphere against Great Britain was starting to flourish. As a consequence, the War of Independence broke out in 1775; it was a revolution, a desire of freedom, and the American people, all together, achieved their independence. On 4th of July of 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed by John Hancock, Jon Adams and Thomas Jefferson, to name just a few; and the new states formed a Republic made up by a president and a congress or assembly, this is when a democratic regime is set up in the United States. A good example of this political transformation is this quote of John Adams: Let it be known, that the so called elitists liberties are not the grants of princes or parliaments. That many of our rights are inherent and essential. Agreed on as maxims and established as preliminaries even before government existed. We have a right to them, derived from our maker. Our forefathers have earned liberty at the expense of their ease, their estates, their pleasures, and their blood. Liberty is not built on the doctrine that a few nobles have the right to inherit the earth. It stands on this principal that the meanest and the lowest of people are by the unalterable, indefeasible laws of God and nature as well entitled to the benefit of the air to breath, light to see, food to eat, or clothes to wear as the nobles, or even a king. That is liberty, and liberty will reign in America! (Speech by John Adams, HBOs John Adams Series) Moreover, the Constitution of 1787 reflects for the first time the principles of political liberalism, inspired by ideals of freedom and equality against the elitist political power of Great Britain at the time. Therefore, a federal government was created, formed by a president of the Republic, the Congress with two legislatives chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate, and the Supreme Court. However, each state had its own government with competences in internal policy. Nevertheless, this separation of power first came from Montesquieu who suggested three different functions for the government: legislative, executive and judicial. He finds liberty in the distribution of power into several hands; if two functions were held in the same person, it could lead to tyranny. That being said, it is worth now analysing briefly the three branches of the American government. As for the Legislature (Congress) split into House of Representatives and the Senate, its main feature is to make law. According to the Founding Fathers, the Congress was supposed to be the centre of the governmental power; just to name a few competences, the Congress can declare war, confirm treaties or impeach the president. Today, because it is considerate as the symbol of the nation, the centre of government lies in the Executive (President) who represents the enforcement of law, having the power of veto, the grant of pardons or the nomination of judges to the Supreme Court. And finally, the Judiciary (Supreme Court) whose main feature is the interpretation of law. In the Federalist No.51, the fourth president of the United States and the Father of the Constitution, James Madison, wrote about the American power and its distribution. He said: If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. Therefore, a government is needed to maintain freedom and equality in the Hobbes state of nature in which the stronger oppresses the weaker and as a result, the interests of the individuals are reduced. But James Madison designed a federalist government in order to get privet rights and public happiness. He planned a double security, that way, the power surrendered by the people would be first divided between two distinct governments. These two governments are the State and the Federal government; then, the civil rights of the people will be preserved. Madison made sure of that by establishing a system of checks and balances in order to keep any institution from becoming more powerful. Some of these checks and balances are the nomination of judged to the Supreme Court made by the President which are confirmed by the Congress or the judiciary reviews made by the Supreme Court. That fear of power is also reflected in the Bill of Rights, which controlled the federal power by providing each state with federal representation. So, going back to the question proposed, is the American distribution of power elitist or pluralist? As I may have mentioned briefly at the beginning of this essay, and referring again to the past, American people wanted freedom and equality, but where these ideas came from? The European ideals and values of the eighteenth century got to the American society, lets remember that some years after the War of Independence, in 1789 the French Revolution shook the French Crown and also European governments; in 1802, the Spanish War of Independence and the posterior European Revolutions in 1820, 1830 and 1840. With the purpose of suggesting America as a pluralist country let me analyse the political thought of the most influential authors of the time who were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, the figures who brought new values to the New World. In Hobbes State of Nature, all that reigned was chaos, anarchy and insecurity. Men were dangerous to themselves. The only way to get through that situation of insecurity was by given up peoples authority in order to lay their power on the government, so there could be order and peoples rights could be preserved. Here, is when the Lockes Social Contract comes, people devote their power to governors who have the duty to protect their rights, nevertheless, if governors stopped doing this, people would have the right to rise up against the power. As we have seen in the last few years, the American society power has forced some presidents to resign; the Watergate case in which the republican president Richard Nixon got involved, led him to his resignation. With the Social Contract, the government is created and its legitimacy is based on the protection of the rights of the people, who form the government, and it takes decision in a democratic manner, being the popular sovereignty one of the main principles of the State. Locke considered that the human being had some rights derived from the Maker, derived from God, and those were survival, liberty and the right of property. This can be reflected on the previous quote of John Adams. In short, American society has been forged in those values, the Constitutional principles, its individualism and natural liberty characterize it, because each person is the owner of oneself and every citizen makes the decision of participating and collaborating in the political life, because he or she is free to do it. In the end, the smallest state in political terms that we could think of is the individual, who is mobilized and organized by political parties; they play a very important role in American political life as well. Basically, political parties take part in the puzzle of the American policy in a complex manner. That is to say that, for instance, when there are presidential elections in the United States, the political parties get involve a lot more than in the Congress elections. The President, as I may have mention before, has become the nations sense of identity (Carl N. Degler, History Counts: The Burden of American Politics), people see in him the role of the leader who can only be Democratic or Republican. On the other hand, in Congress, there could be two parties, the Democratic and Republican leading the legislation together, in a higher or lower percentage of members but still, that is another argument for the pluralism of the United States. All in all, the United States of America conform the biggest democracy in the world, and as such, people have an important role in American political life, therefore, I would add a new branch in the American distribution of power: The Congress, the President, the Supreme Court and the people, because after all, the American Constitution of 1787 says We the People; and if Congress plays the legislative role, the President the executive and the Supreme Court the judicial, people are responsible of supporting them, because they are the base of the American political system. Even though it is not possible for them to reach the elite that leads the Congress, the Presidential figure or the Supreme Court, by accepting their authority and leadership, they make every political mechanism work. One example of what I have said before is the speech of the President Harry S. Truman in 1947 directed to Congress: At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. Our way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world -and we shall surely endanger the welfare of this Nation. Great responsibilities have been placed upon us of this Nation by the swift movement of events. (Quote taken from the R. J. Johnstons The American Ce ntury) Also, the John Kennedys quote Ask not what you country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country or the Obamas Yes, we can show that, as Pablo Gonzà ¡lez Casanova asserts, America is made of many Americans; and if in the past, the government could be of the people and for the people, now, despite of the enormous influence of the minority upon the majority, the majoritys interest still prevails. In conclusion, after this brief analysis of the American distribution of power through the history of the United States in which the War of Independence, the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were incredibly important and also the influence of some philosophers of that time like Hobbes, Locke or Montesquieu who brought new values and principles to the American society, it would be possible to consider the United States distribution of power as pluralist. Indeed, the facts that characterize Western democracies, according to Darryl Baskin in his critique about American Pluralist Democracy are: social diversity and balance, subsystem autonomy and separation of powers. I would like to finish off this essay with another quote, this time of Carl N. Degler (History Counts: the Burden of American Politics): What I am talking about here are not politicians and parties but the character, the historical nature, if you will, of the American people. For it is they who have created and sustained the politics of this country from the beginning right down to the present.